IF NOT EDISON, WHO INVENTED ELECTRICITY?

Ask the children, “Who invented electricity?” We come across those who ask, and then answer as Edison. Edison did not invent electricity, although most people think so. He was the first person to develop the electric light bulb and then electrically light his home.

In the past, the connection of many events with electricity was not understood for a long time. Early humans watched and feared lightning and lightning and believed it was a divine warning. The oldest information about the existence of electricity dates back to BC. It is found in Ancient Egyptian texts dating back to 2750 BC. The Electric Catfish, called "the Nile Thunderer" in ancient Egyptian texts, was described by many ancient writers as Pliny and Scribonius Largus as the "protector" of all other fish. The numbing effect of the catfish's electric shock was used by Ancient Greek, Roman, and Arab healers and physicians. In particular, electric fish touches have been used in the treatment of ailments such as gout or headaches with shock. Thales of Miletus, BC. He mentioned that amber rubbed on fabric in the 600s attracts thread and straw. Thales also emphasized that the natural magnet attracts iron without the need for friction.

 

The Electric Catfish

 

William Gilbert, physician to Queen Elizabeth I, wrote De Magnete, considered the first experimental science book, in 1600. The book explains what substances such as amber, sulphur, beeswax and glass attract or repel when rubbed against fabric. Gilbert called the gravitational force created by friction "electricity". Deriving the word "electricity" from the word "electra", which is the Latin name of amber, he became the father of electricity. Gilbert describes static electricity to Queen Elizabeth I, who highly respected scientists.

The German, Otto von Guericke, invented the vacuum pump in 1654, combining two copper hemispheres and evacuating the air inside. Emperor III. It is said that eight horses could not separate the hemispheres in front of Ferdinand, from which he had evacuated (the Magdeburg hemispheres). Guericke later invented the first static electricity device. It was a sphere made of sulfur, with an iron shaft running through it. The sphere rotating around the spindle was charged with static electricity, thanks to a fabric pressed on it. The Leyden Bottle, which can store static electricity and is considered the ancestor of the capacitor, was discovered in the Netherlands in 1744.

 

What did Benjamin Franklin prove with the kite?

 

2 Static electricity is discharged (discharged) by sparking if a suitable sharp object is nearby. Franklin thought there was electricity in the clouds because lightning and lightning were similar to this spark. On a stormy day in 1752, Franklin was able to transfer electricity from the key attached to the kite string to the Leyden bottle. Thus, he proved that lightning and lightning, which could not be understood for thousands of years, is a simple electrical phenomenon. Franklin later invented the lightning rod.

 

What do the Frankenstein movies have to do with frog legs?

 

Luigi Galvani, a biologist in Italy, accidently led to the discovery of the battery while he was explaining the anatomy of the frog's leg to his students in 1780. As Galvani cut through the skin and muscle with the operating knife, the frog's leg on the metal plate suddenly moved. In the same year, it was found that when the cut frog's leg was touched with a statically charged Leyden bottle, the leg contracted. Therefore, in those years, there were those who believed that if high voltage was applied to the dead, they would come to life. The novel Frankenstein, which was written in England in 1818, and the later movies were the product of this idea.

In Galvani's lecture, how could a metal knife move a frog's leg without a Leyden bottle? "Electricity is hidden in dead animals," Galvani replied. He became famous by writing books on this subject, which he called "animal electricity". Galvani, however, had never understood the subject, and the scientific community mostly believed this misinterpretation.

 

How would a frog's leg contract if there was no animal electricity?

 

Italian physics professor Alessandro Volta, who does not believe in animal electricity, found the answer by doing hundreds of experiments. Volta discovered that in order for the leg to contract, the plate and the knife on which the frog's legs were placed had to be of different metals. When it was a bone-handled knife or a wooden plate, the leg wouldn't move. So the ingenuity should have been in different metals, not in the frog's legs. So there was no animal electricity. Different metals produced electricity, but how?In 1800, Volta discovered the first battery that produced electricity by placing a salty wet cloth between sheets of zinc and copper. Batteries became the most important experimental instrument of scientists, and important discoveries in physics and chemistry were made one after another. Water was separated into hydrogen and oxygen elements by electrolysis. Sodium, aluminum etc. Hundreds of discoveries were made with the discovery of the battery, such as the production of metals by electrolysis. 3 Napoleon Bonaparte, who is interested in volta and science, discusses the copper-zinc battery on the table.

What does the magnet and electricity have to do with it?

 

Hans Oersted, a Danish professor of physics and chemistry, discovered the answer to this question by chance on April 21, 1820. In class, Oersted was explaining to students how electricity flows through the wire connected to the battery. At that time, the magnet (needle) of the compass, which happened to be next to the wire, suddenly started to play. This incredible effect took the scientific world by surprise. How could a magnet interact with a non-touching electric wire? So the electricity passing through the wire creates a magnetic field. They called this phenomenon electromagnetism.

If the electric current in the wire moved the magnet, could a magnet moved next to the wire produce electricity in the wire? The answer was yes. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in England in 1821 and the electric generator in 1931.

We are very lucky that our life has become easier thanks to thousands of scientists who have contributed to the science of electricity and electronics and to whom we owe thanks.